Composting is a simple way to reduce landfill waste, nourish your garden, and protect the planet. While most people know fruit peels and coffee grounds are compostable, many everyday items might surprise you. However, not everything belongs in your compost bin—some materials can harm soil or slow decomposition. Curious about what to toss in and what to keep out? Discover unexpected compostable items and crucial no-nos.
Plain paper coffee filters and most tea bags are excellent additions to your compost pile, as they break down quickly and add valuable organic material. However, be mindful—some tea bags contain synthetic linings that won’t decompose. Always check for plastic before composting. Removing staples is also a good practice.
Both human and pet hair are rich in nitrogen, making them valuable for compost piles. Like natural fibers such as cotton, untreated hair and fur decompose effectively, contributing essential nutrients. However, avoid composting hair that has been chemically treated or dyed.
Unpolished nail clippings are fully biodegradable and can be composted just like hair, adding organic matter to your pile. However, skip any clippings with nail polish or from artificial nails, as these contain chemicals and plastics. For best results, mix nail clippings into the compost with other green materials like fruit peels or grass clippings to balance the nitrogen content.
Plain cardboard egg cartons are a great source of carbon for compost piles. Shredding them before adding helps speed up decomposition and maintains good airflow. Avoid composting glossy, colored, or coated cartons, as these often contain chemicals and plastics that won’t break down properly. Stick to unprinted, untreated cardboard.
Untreated, plain wooden toothpicks and popsicle sticks are compostable and will break down naturally over time, unlike their plastic counterparts. Avoid adding any colored, painted, or lacquered wood, as these may contain chemicals not suitable for compost. Keep in mind that while these small wooden items will eventually break down, they do so slowly, so patience is key when composting them.
Unbleached, unscented paper towels and napkins are safe to compost, as long as they’re free from chemicals, cleaning products, or heavy grease. These items absorb excess moisture, helping to maintain the right balance in your compost pile. However, avoid composting heavily soiled, synthetic, or antibacterial versions, as they may introduce unwanted substances.
Dryer lint from laundry loads containing only natural fibers like cotton, wool, or linen can be safely composted, breaking down just like other organic material. However, lint from synthetic fabrics can introduce microplastics into your compost and should be avoided. Always check the contents of your laundry before adding lint to your pile.
Stale or expired spices and dried herbs can be composted just like fruit and vegetable scraps, enriching your compost with extra nutrients. Simply remove them from any non-compostable packaging before adding. Avoid dumping large quantities at once, as strong flavors may attract pests.
Knowing what to keep out of your compost is just as important as knowing what to add. Certain items can attract pests, create unpleasant odors, or contaminate your finished compost. Here are five materials you should always avoid.
Meat, bones, and dairy products should never go into a home compost pile. These items can create strong odors and attract unwanted pests like rodents and raccoons. While some commercial composting facilities can process these materials at high temperatures, it’s best to keep them out of backyard systems.
Magazines, photographs, and food wrappers with glossy or coated finishes contain plastics and chemicals that do not decompose in a compost pile. These materials can contaminate your compost and harm soil health. Always stick to plain, untreated paper products. When in doubt, remember: if it feels waxy, shiny, or has vibrant colors, it’s best kept out of your compost.
Dog and cat feces should not be added to regular compost piles, as they may contain harmful pathogens and parasites. Specialized composting systems are required to safely process pet waste. For most home composters, it’s best to dispose of it separately. If you’re interested in composting pet waste, look into dedicated pet waste composters designed to handle higher temperatures and contain the material safely.
Adding plants infected with fungi, bacteria, or pests to your compost can spread diseases throughout your garden when the compost is later used. Most home compost piles do not reach temperatures high enough to kill pathogens and pests. It’s safer to bag and dispose of diseased plant material in the trash.
Cooking oils, fats, and grease should not be added to compost piles because they break down slowly, attract vermin, and can disrupt the overall balance of your compost. Unlike fruit and vegetable scraps, these substances create unpleasant odors and make your pile less effective.
Composting can go beyond kitchen scraps—many everyday items are safe and beneficial additions to your pile. However, knowing what to keep out is essential for a healthy, effective compost system. Always check labels and avoid items that could harm your compost or garden.